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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(3): 1007-1015, Sept. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954223

ABSTRACT

Microvascular anatomy and histomorphology of olfactory and vomeronasal organs in adult Xenopus laevis Daudin were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and paraplast embedded stained serial tissue sections. Results show that the arterial supply is bilaterally by terminal arterioles of the medial branch of the nasal artery and by the palatal artery. Arterioles give rise to a capillary meshwork characteristic for respiratory surfaces in principal chambers and in dorsal and caudal areas of middle chambers. Anterior and inferior areas of the middle chambers own a distinctly different capillary network with conspicuous short capillary loops. Loops have a dilated tip and extend in acute angles towards the chamber lumen. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) locates beneath the olfactory organ. It has a medial to lateral extension and attaches with its caudal circumference to the medial nasal glands. Its capillary bed displays rectangular meshes which preferentially orientate along the long axis of the VNO. Locally, capillaries form short hairpin-like or strongly twisted loops with dilated tips which point towards the lumen of the VNO. These capillaries slow-down blood velocity and may lead to an increased exchange of oxygen, nutrients and water-borne odorants in the middle chambers and of pheromones in the VNO. In the latter vascular structures are present which might serve as a vascular pump.


Se estudiaron la anatomía microvascular e histomorfología de los órganos olfatorios y vomeronasales de Xenopus laevis Daudin adultos, mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido de moldes de corrosión vascular y secciones de tejido seriadas, teñidas e incluídas en paraplast. Los resultados muestran que el suministro arterial es bilateral por arteriolas terminales de la rama medial de la arteria nasal y por la arteria palatina. Las arteriolas dan lugar a un lecho capilar característico de las superficies respiratorias en las cámaras principales y en las áreas dorsal y caudal de las cámaras intermedias. Las áreas anterior e inferior de las cámaras centrales poseen una red capilar significativamente diferente con llamativos bucles capilares cortos. Los bucles tienen una punta dilatada y se extienden en ángulos agudos hacia la luz de la cámara. El órgano vomeronasal (VNO) se ubica debajo del órgano olfatorio. Se extiende de medial a lateral y se une con su circunferencia caudal a las glándulas nasales mediales. El lecho capilar muestra mallas rectangulares que se orientan preferentemente a lo largo del eje longitudinal del VNO. Localmente, los capilares forman bucles cortos en forma de horquilla o fuertemente retorcidos con puntas dilatadas que apuntan hacia la luz del VNO. Estos capilares ralentizan la velocidad de la sangre y pueden conducir a un mayor intercambio de oxígeno, nutrientes y odorizantes, a base de agua en las cámaras intermedias y de feromonas, en el VNO. En este último, están presentes estructuras vasculares que podrían servir como una bomba vascular.


Subject(s)
Animals , Xenopus laevis/anatomy & histology , Nose/blood supply , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nose/ultrastructure , Corrosion Casting , Vomeronasal Organ
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 84(3): 290-297, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951838

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Since the introduction of nasal endoscopy into the field of Otorhinolaryngology, the treatment paradigm for cases of severe epistaxis has shifted toward early and precise identification of the bleeding site. Although severe epistaxis is usually considered to arise from posterior bleeding, an arterial vascular pedicle in the superior portion of the nasal septum, around the axilla projection of the middle turbinate, posterior to the septal body, frequently has been observed. That vascular pedicle was named the Stamm's S-point. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the S-point and report cases of severe epistaxis originating from it. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Nine patients with spontaneous severe epistaxis, where the S-point was identified as the source of bleeding, were treated between March 2016 and March 2017. Results: Male predominance (77.8%) with age average of 59.3 years old were reported. Most cases presented comorbidities (88.9%) and were not taking acetylsalicylic acid (66.7%). A predominance of left sided involvement (55.6%) and anteroposterior bleeding being the principal initial presentation (77.8%) was seen. Six patients (66.7%) presented with hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL, and four (44.4%) required blood transfusion. Cauterization of S-point was performed in all patients, with complete resolution of bleeding. No patient experienced recurrence of severe epistaxis. Conclusion: The Stamm's S-point, a novel source of spontaneous severe epistaxis, is reported, and its cauterization was effective and safe. Otolaryngologists must actively seek this site of bleeding in cases of severe epistaxis.


Resumo Introdução: Desde a introdução da endoscopia nasal no campo de otorrinolaringologia, o paradigma de tratamento para casos graves de epistaxe voltou-se para a identificação precoce e correta do local de sangramento. Embora a epistaxe grave seja geralmente considerada uma hemorragia posterior, um pedículo vascular arterial tem sido frequentemente observado na porção superior do septo nasal, ao redor da projeção da axila da concha média, posterior ao tubérculo septal. Esse pedículo vascular foi chamado de Stamm's S-point. Objetivo: Descrever o S-point e relatar casos graves de epistaxe que se originam nesse local. Método: Um estudo retrospectivo de série de casos foi conduzido. Nove pacientes com epistaxe grave espontânea, na qual o S-point foi identificado como a fonte do sangramento, foram tratados de março de 2016 a março de 2017. Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo masculino (77,8%) com média de 59,3 anos. A maioria dos casos apresentava comorbidades (88,9%), mas sem uso de ácido acetilsalicílico (66,7%). Observou-se predominância do lado esquerdo (55,6%) com sangramento anteroposterior como a principal apresentação inicial (77,8%). Seis pacientes (66,7%) apresentaram níveis de hemoglobina inferiores a 10 g/dL e quatro (44,4%) necessitaram de transfusão sanguínea. Cauterização do S-point foi feita em todos os pacientes, com resolução completa do sangramento. Nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência de epistaxe grave. Conclusão: O Stamm's S-point é relatado como uma nova região de origem de epistaxe grave espontânea e o tratamento feito com cauterização foi eficaz e seguro. Os otorrinolaringologistas devem buscar ativamente esse local de sangramento em casos de epistaxe grave.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cautery/methods , Epistaxis/therapy , Nose/blood supply , Recurrence , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Endoscopy
3.
Neurol India ; 2001 Sep; 49(3): 305-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120583

ABSTRACT

Sinus pericranii is a rare vascular anomaly. A case of sinus pericranii at the nasion with an orbital extension is presented. The drainage was into the superior sagittal sinus. The pathogenesis is discussed and the literature is reviewed.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Female , Humans , Nose/blood supply , Orbit/blood supply , Sinus Pericranii/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 64(6,supl.7): 22-30, nov.-dez. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-232445

ABSTRACT

A epistaxe é uma condiçäo freqüente na populaçäo em geral, sendo que a maioria é leve, com resoluçäo espontânea ou através de pequenos procedimentos. A epistaxe severa ocorre mais freqüentemente em adultos e pode ser resultante de trauma, tumores, doenças hereditárias, coagulopatias, malformaçöes vasculares e, principalmente, de causa desconhecida. As principais artérias envolvidas na epistaxe severa säo os ramos terminais da artéria maxilar e as artérias etmoidais anterior e posterior. No período de 1985-1998, 173 pacientes foram tratados cirurgicamente, utilizando-se a técnica micro-endoscópica transnasal e/ou por acesso externo, com alto índice de sucesso e baixo de morbidade


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrocoagulation , Endoscopy , Epistaxis/surgery , Arteries , Epistaxis/classification , Epistaxis/therapy , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Nose/blood supply
6.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 57(2): 91-8, abr.-jun. 1993. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-125924

ABSTRACT

La epistaxis es un síntoma frecuente que habitualmente se resuelve con maniobras hemostáticas simples sin necesidad de realizar ningún estudio complementario con excepción de una rinoscopia directa. Sin embargo, existen ocasiones en las cuales, debido a la frecuencia o a la intensidad de la hemorragia, ésta requiere estudios más profundos y terapéutica específica. La historia clínica, la semiología y ocasionalmente la TC, RM y angiografía son útiles para llegar a un diagnóstico preciso y determinar una conducta. La angiografía adquiere un rol especial ya que la terapéutica endovascular es un método altamente efectivo para el control sintomático de la epistaxis. Es éste el tratamiento de elección ante una epistaxis que no cede a los tratamientos compresivos habituales dado que resuelve en forma rápida la hemorragia y carece prácticamente de complicaciones si es realaizada por un equipo entrenado en este tipo de terapéticas. El rol de la radiología, tanto diagnóstica como terapéutica, será ilustrado con ejemplos de epistaxis ocasionadas por discrasias sanguíneas, enfermedad de Rendu Osler, traumáticas, hipertensivas, tumorales, aneurismáticas, etc


Subject(s)
Humans , Epistaxis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Angiography , Carotid Artery, Internal , Cranial Sinuses , Gadolinium , Maxilla , Maxilla/blood supply , Nasopharynx , Nasopharynx/blood supply , Nose , Nose/blood supply , Palate, Soft , Palate, Soft/blood supply , Paranasal Sinuses , Paranasal Sinuses/blood supply , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/therapeutic use , Turbinates , Turbinates/blood supply
9.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1984 Jan-Mar; 28(1): 1-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-107454

ABSTRACT

This preliminary study describes a noninvasive, inexpensive approach to the study of lateralization as related to mental activity. It supports the concept of a thermoregulatory role of blood in cerebral temperature control. Right and left angularis oculi vein temperatures were measured during periods of mental activity and mental rest and both temperature changes were asymmetrical. There was a consistent temperature drop during thinking, with a consistent rise after thinking ceased. Heat loss from superficial vessels of the buccal region and nasal mucosa to the ambient air was evident which caused lowering of the venous blood temperature flowing towards the cavernous sinus. This drop in blood temperature of angularis oculi veins coincided with increased brain metabolism and heat production occasioned by an increase in the level of mental activity and oxygen utilization.


Subject(s)
Body Temperature Regulation , Brain/physiology , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Eye/blood supply , Female , Functional Laterality , Humans , Male , Nose/blood supply , Regional Blood Flow , Thinking/physiology , Veins
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